Suchergebnisse

Los "grands ensembles" (grandes conjuntos de vivienda social) construidos en Francia entre mediados de las décadas de 1950 y 1970 han sido objeto preferente del Programa Nacional de la Renovación Urbana (PNRU) inicialmente previsto por el gobierno francés para 2004-2008. La finalización de este periodo permite acometer la evaluación de sus resultados y, en concreto, como propone este artículo, analizar los rasgos distintivos del urbanismo de esas operaciones de renovación urbana en torno a dos ejes (argumentos justificativos y aspectos operativos, principalmente de carácter proyectivo) y a partir de una doble confrontación: (i) con el urbanismo funcionalista característico de esos grandes conjuntos; y (ii) con el urbanismo de renovación urbana masiva precedente. El análisis se nutre de textos institucionales y del estudio comparado de ocho proyectos de renovación urbana de "grands ensembles" de la región Ile-de-France. Se concluye la especificidad del urbanismo de las operaciones financiadas por el PNRU (morfología híbrida, residencial) y la identificación de diversas filiaciones y rupturas con el urbanismo funcionalista (zonificación, interpretación de la renovación y reestructuración parcelaria, entre otros). ; The "grands ensembles" (large social housing estates) constructed in France in the middle of the 1950s and 1970s have been the special focus of the National Urban Renovation Programme (PNRU) planned initially by the French government for 2004-2008. The finalization of this period allows an analysis of its results to be made. In particular, as this article proposes, an analysis of the distinguishing characteristics of the planning of those urban renovation operations around two axes. These are the justificatory arguments and the operative aspects, mainly of a planning character, and from two comparisons: (i) with functionalist planning characteristics of those large estates; and, (ii) with the planning of previous massive urban renovation. The analysis is based on institutional texts and the comparative study of eight urban renovation projects in the "grands ensembles" of the Ile-de-France region. It concludes with a review of the specificity of the planning of the PNRU financed operations (hybrid morphology, residential) and the identification of various affiliations and breaks with functionalist planning (zoning, interpretation of the renovation and plot restructuring, among others).

RESUMEN Los "grands ensembles" (grandes conjuntos de vivienda social) construidos en Francia entre mediados de las décadas de 1950 y 1970 han sido objeto preferente del Programa Nacional de la Renovación Urbana (PNRU) inicialmente previsto por el gobierno francés para 2004-2008. La finalización de este periodo permite acometer la evaluación de sus resultados y, en concreto, como propone este artículo, analizar los rasgos distintivos del urbanismo de esas operaciones de renovación urbana en torno a dos ejes (argumentos justificativos y aspectos operativos, principalmente de carácter proyectivo) y a partir de una doble confrontación: (i) con el urbanismo funcionalista característico de esos grandes conjuntos; y (ii) con el urbanismo de renovación urbana masiva precedente. El análisis se nutre de textos institucionales y del estudio comparado de ocho proyectos de renovación urbana de "grands ensembles" de la región Ile-de-France. Se concluye la especificidad del urbanismo de las operaciones financiadas por el PNRU (morfología híbrida, residencial) y la identificación de diversas filiaciones y rupturas con el urbanismo funcionalista (zonificación, interpretación de la renovación y reestructuración parcelaria, entre otros). SUMMARY The "grands ensembles" (large social housing estates) constructed in France in the middle of the 1950s and 1970s have been the special focus of the National Urban Renovation Programme (PNRU) planned initially by the French government for 2004-2008. The finalization of this period allows an analysis of its results to be made. In particular, as this article proposes, an analysis of the distinguishing characteristics of the planning of those urban renovation operations around two axes. These are the justificatory arguments and the operative aspects, mainly of a planning character, and from two comparisons: (i) with functionalist planning characteristics of those large estates; and, (ii) with the planning of previous massive urban renovation. The analysis is based on institutional texts and the comparative study of eight urban renovation projects in the "grands ensembles" of the Ile-de-France region. It concludes with a review of the specificity of the planning of the PNRU financed operations (hybrid morphology, residential) and the identification of various affiliations and breaks with functionalist planning (zoning, interpretation of the renovation and plot restructuring, among others)

La ley francesa de 30 de noviembre de 1894 (Loi Siegfried) ejerció una importante influencia sobre la primera ley española de casas baratas (1911). Este estudio valora el alcance de este influjo y defiende que las diferencias más significativas entre esas dos normas se debieron a las particularidades de sus respectivos contextos legislativos y a la evolución del pensamiento reformista sobre la vivienda entre 1894 y 1911.Abstract:The following text explains that one of the main references for first Spanish social housing legislation (1911) was, between others, the French law called Loi Siegfried (30th November 1894). In the other hand, the analysis shows that there are some important differences between both laws because the legislative contexts were so different and because important changes happened in the contents of the movement for housing reform in Europe between 1894 and 1911.

Social History and urban planning History combine in this text in order to contribute to the knowledge of the neighbourhood movement in Valladolid (Spain) in the period of its birth and greatest development (1970-1995). The perspective adopted axes on the concept of the "right to the city", coined by Henri Lefebvre in 1968, and focuses the study of the conflicts hold for neighbourhood organisations face to municipal governments in the process of conquest of participation ability in all kinds of decisions on the city. The most of the sources are the local daily press, but also archival and bibliographical documents. Three periods characterised by the general climate of relations between the neighbourhood movement and the City Council structure the content of the paper, separated by two turning points: the municipal elections of 1979 and a deep rupture in 1986. The analysis shows, in one hand, continuities and changes in the role played by the neighbourhood movement in Valladolid as a "stakeholder" (in the Lefebvrian sense of the term). In the other hand, it identifies some effective conditioning factors and limitations in the conquest of the right to the city. ; La historia social se articula con la historia urbanística en este texto para contribuir al conocimiento del movimiento vecinal de Valladolid en el periodo de su nacimiento y mayor desarrollo (1970-1995). La perspectiva adoptada tiene su eje en el concepto de "derecho a la ciudad" (H. Lefebvre,1968) y pone el foco del estudio sobre los conflictos sostenidos por las organizaciones vecinales con los gobiernos municipales en el proceso de conquista de la participación en las decisiones de todo orden sobre la ciudad. Las fuentes empleadas son, en su mayor parte, la prensa diaria local, pero también documentos de archivo y bibliográficos. El contenido del artículo se estructura en tres periodos caracterizados por el clima general de relaciones entre el movimiento vecinal y el Ayuntamiento, con dos puntos de inflexión en las elecciones municipales de 1979 y en una profunda ruptura acontecida en 1986. Se muestran así las continuidades y los cambios en el papel desempeñado por el movimiento vecinal vallisoletano como "interesado" (H. Lefebvre, 1967) en la transformación de la ciudad a lo largo del periodo estudiado y se identifican, desde el análisis de esa experiencia histórica, algunos condicionamientos y limitaciones efectivos en la conquista del derecho a la ciudad.

Social History and urban planning History combine in this text in order to contribute to the knowledge of the neighbourhood movement in Valladolid (Spain) in the period of its birth and greatest development (1970- 1995). The perspective adopted axes on the concept of the "right to the city", coined by Henri Lefebvre in 1968, and focuses the study of the conflicts hold for neighbourhood organisations face to municipal governments in the process of conquest of participation ability in all kinds of decisions on the city. The most of the sources are the local daily press, but also archival and bibliographical documents. Three periods characterised by the general climate of relations between the neighbourhood movement and the City Council structure the content of the paper, separated by two turning points: the municipal elections of 1979 and a deep rupture in 1986. The analysis shows, in one hand, continuities and changes in the role played by the neighbourhood movement in Valladolid as a "stakeholder" (in the Lefebvrian sense of the term). In the other hand, it identifies some effective conditioning factors and limitations in the conquest of the right to the city.

Résumé La manière dont se sont exprimées et ont évolué les relations de pouvoir entre la municipalité de Valladolid et les associations de quartier à propos de l'espace urbain présente des traits à la fois communs et distincts, en comparaison de ce qui s'est produit dans d'autres villes espagnoles. Au cours des années 1970, le contexte urbain fut en général propice à la formation d'associations de quartier en tant que sujets politiques. À partir de la décennie suivante, ce processus prend place à Valladolid dans le cadre de la coopération conflictuelle, et les quartiers connaissent des transformations urbaines importantes sous l'impulsion des habitants. Après 1995, les relations entre ces derniers et la mairie évoluent dans le cadre de quelques structures de participation formelle dont l'efficience est largement tributaire des contacts informels, et très vulnérable au conflit, ce qui rend très variable la capacité d'intervention des habitants dans la prise de décisions d'aménagement.

The history of Europe in the 20th century is closely tied to the history of urban planning. Social and economic progress but also the brute treatment of people and nature throughout Europe were possible due to the use of urban planning and the other levels of spatial planning. Thereby, planning has constituted itself in Europe as an international subject. Since its emergence, through intense exchange but also competition, despite country differences, planning has developed as a European field of practice and scientific discipline. Planning is here much more than the addition of individual histories; however, historiography has treated this history very selective regarding geography and content. This book searches for an understanding of the historiography of planning in a European dimension. Scholars from Eastern and Western, Southern and Northern Europe address the issues of the public led production of city and the social functions of urban planning in capitalist and state-socialist countries. The examined examples include Poland and USSR, Czech Republic and Slovakia, UK, Netherlands, Germany, France, Portugal and Spain, Italy, and Sweden. The book will be of interest to students and scholars for Urbanism, Urban/Town Planning, Spatial Planning, Spatial Politics, Urban Development, Urban Policies, Planning History and European History of the 20th Century

"The history of Europe in the 20th century is closely tied to the history of urban planning. Social and economic progress but also the brute treatment of people and nature throughout Europe were possible due to the use of urban planning and the other levels of spatial planning. Thereby, planning has constituted itself in Europe as an international subject. Since its emergence, through intense exchange but also competition, despite country differences, planning has developed as a European field of practice and scientific discipline. Planning is here much more than the addition of individual histories; however, historiography has treated this history very selective regarding geography and content. This book searches for an understanding of the historiography of planning in a European dimension. Scholars from Eastern and Western, Southern and Northern Europe address the issues of the public led production of city and the social functions of urban planning in capitalist and state-socialist countries. The examined examples include Poland and USSR, Czech Republic and Slovakia, UK, Netherlands, Germany, France, Portugal and Spain, Italy, and Sweden. The book will be of interest to students and scholars for Urbanism, Urban/Town Planning, Spatial Planning, Spatial Politics, Urban Development, Urban Policies, Planning History and European History of the 20th Century"--

The history of Europe in the 20th century is closely tied to the history of urban planning. Social and economic progress but also the brute treatment of people and nature throughout Europe were possible due to the use of urban planning and the other levels of spatial planning. Thereby, planning has constituted itself in Europe as an international subject. Since its emergence, through intense exchange but also competition, despite country differences, planning has developed as a European field of practice and scientific discipline. Planning is here much more than the addition of individual histories; however, historiography has treated this history very selective regarding geography and content.

This book searches for an understanding of the historiography of planning in a European dimension. Scholars from Eastern and Western, Southern and Northern Europe address the issues of the public led production of city and the social functions of urban planning in capitalist and state-socialist countries. The examined examples include Poland and USSR, Czech Republic and Slovakia, UK, Netherlands, Germany, France, Portugal and Spain, Italy, and Sweden. The book will be of interest to students and scholars for Urbanism, Urban/Town Planning, Spatial Planning, Spatial Politics, Urban Development, Urban Policies, Planning History and European History of the 20th Century.